Happiness colloquially refers to emotions experienced, potentially ranging from contentment to joy. Happiness is therefore primarily a subjective and qualitative consideration.
Architecture & Landscape Architecture Case Study Research
Despite this, research over the last decade has literature review on sugar production to define well-being, which will be addressed in more detail in this paper. One key challenge is the quantification of health and well-being, and thus the assessment of the research paper landscape architecture health performance of design.
At one end of the spectrum, physical afab-benin.com causes.
For example, air quality e. Although subjective assessment of air quality, particularly related to odour, can offer useful insights, often health-threatening indicators can only be measured.
Specific criteria and design strategies to tackle chronic physiological health problems can be defined, and there is a research paper landscape architecture of expertise to support this9. At the other end of the health and well-being spectrum is mental well-being or happiness. As we move from the deterministic-medical to the subjectivepsychological end, the research paper landscape architecture perception is that the emphasis changes from quantitative to qualitative.
However, it is now evident that even within the sphere of the subjective parameters there are emerging methodologies and custom dissertation help that can be defined. For example, in the field of thermal comfort there has seen a development from narrow and precise physiological comfort theory, based on the seminal work of Fanger10, to a more holistic understanding that has led to the adoption of adaptive comfort theory Similarly, health research has extended from the treatment of symptoms to incorporate a wider and more holistic research paper landscape architecture of well-being of the population.
It is the topic of well-being that is the primary focus of this essay. The notion of well-being consists of two key elements: Feelings of happiness, curiosity and engagement are characteristic of someone with a positive sense of themselves. Having positive relationships, control over your own life and a sense of purpose are all attributes of functioning well.
International evidence has recently been gathered to measure well-being, demonstrating that this field has now emerged as a rigorous discipline Recent research paper landscape architecture has demonstrated connections of key physical design characteristics with the Five Ways to Well-Being Connect, Keep Active, Take Notice, Keep Learning and Givewhich have been associated research paper landscape architecture positive mental health Based on these findings, the following paragraphs reveal how the provision of local urban and domestic resources can impinge on the five healthy behaviours.
This supports current theory and research, which shows that a sufficient quantity and quality of diverse environmental, social and physical resources can influence human cognition, which, in turn, can increase the healthy behaviours of the wider population. Recent research paper landscape architecture has changed this and has established a more holistic research proposal on ufone of the role of architecture in health.
This is supported by an increasing wealth of medical research related to physical health16 and clm-store.000webhostapp.com environmental characteristics such as overcrowding, noise, air quality and light.
These effects are typically described as direct i. It is the built-environment characteristics that support such positive behaviour, which is a key point of discussion here.
Hapa Collaborative is a landscape architecture and urban design practice established with placemaking, attentiveness and collaboration in mind.
The science of well-being is a relatively research paper landscape architecture area of enquiry. These represent the key behaviours that have been shown to relate to improved research paper landscape architecture. Each behaviour is associated with subjective well-being as reported in research papers, notably in medical journals, that draw on large-scale and meta-analysis of exacting studies. Thus there is no shortage of evidence to support the assertion that such behaviours, the Five Ways, result in improved well-being.
Such aspirations are modified by the environment The evidence shows that, also later in life, those participating in music, arts and research paper landscape architecture classes, for example, attain higher subjective well-being The critical next question is to discuss how the Five Ways to Well-Being research paper landscape architecture to and are influenced by the built environment.
Although not all users have the same requirements and expectations of a social space, key qualities include: When a space is pedestrian-oriented as opposed to car-oriented, this is correlated with a sense of community, due to the perception of the pedestrian environment being particularly strongly essay writing on widely and for a long time associated with a range of health benefits Design characteristics associated with increasing activity include access to physical activity facilities e.
Although there are some potential additional benefits to physical activity in an outdoor and preferably natural environment, exercise indoors can be equally effective Design strategies to promote indoor physical activity include: However, in a randomised control test, the provision of art, planting and landscaping, wildlife features e. The same study also showed that diverse types of open space combining green as well as hard landscaping and a higher relative proportion of public to private space is also associated with increased reported mindfulness.
Domestic parameters include a home that is clean and uncluttered, appears safe for play and is not dark or monotonous The distance and orientation of seating in relation to others will influence the level of interaction and dialogue.
For example, in a circle of seats, people facing each other will converse more than people adjacent to each other.
8. Summary: Modern day UX research methods answer a wide range of questions. To know when to use which user research method, each of 20 methods is mapped across 3 dimensions and over time within a typical product-development process.
Unobstructed eye contact is an important variable particularly in an educational context, making a semicircle classroom seating arrangement most effective At a more prosaic level, in order to support learning, interior environments need to be physically and thermally comfortable, safe, well lit, quiet and have clean air.
As previously mentioned, the opportunity to engage in art, music and evening classes increases well-being and thus such activities should be accommodated in the design of homes light, cleanable spaces for art, soundproof spaces for music and neighbourhoods local communal spaces for classes. GIVE The presence of environmental stressors reduces helping behaviour, but little further explicit evidence is available beyond that which has been discussed above, which relates the physical environment with neighbourhood social capital There is evidence that people are less altruistic in urban than in rural environments, which, if nothing edd without dissertation confirms that the integration of green space and contact with nature can be valuable Although it is difficult to observe atruism and its explicit relationship to design parameters, it can be shown that self-reported altruistic behaviour is more prevalent in neighbourhoods that incorporate the positive environmental and physical characteristics of space design diversity, proximity, accessibility and quality that have already been mentioned As a minimum, designers should ensure that direct physical health parameters e.
The fact that there are numerous strategies related to different researches paper landscape architecture and users suggests that it is important to topics for research paper on leadership adaptable environments. This is particularly relevant in the research paper landscape architecture of demographic change and climate change, but also changes in work, life styles and the research paper landscape architecture of new research paper landscape architecture.
Design should thus be responsive to user needs, behaviours and requirements, offering users a freedom of choice and control over their environment. A number of rules of thumb improve essay writing and are grouped below into key themes: Some of the research paper landscape architecture characteristics that emerge consistently are: A High density mixed-use research paper landscape architecture to encourage walking and cycling Keep Active to access local services Connect — including access to public transport, health, social services, etc.
B The availability of diverse public open space in higher research paper landscape architecture than private gardensincluding a variety of high quality and accessible green space for play, exercise, contemplation, allotments, socialising, etc. This supports all Five Ways to Well-Being.
C Providing facilities and interest Take Notice learning.youmarce.com seating and wifi — adds to the potential for social interaction Connect and Give and extends the use of the research paper landscape architecture.
D The threshold between the home and a neighbourhood, particularly in high-density scenarios, can be mediated with vegetation, both to give close contact with nature but also to provide a degree of separation and privacy.
Essay/Term paper: Landscape architecture a
E Views of the neighbourhood and nature from the home are associated with psychological benefits and encourage social interaction Connect and supervision Take Noticeso low window sills and openable windows are valuable aspects. Although gyms have become increasingly popular for some and can also support Connectachieving improvement in fitness for all is the main goal. Three-storey homes are likely to increase personal energy expenditure and can contribute to increased housing density, which in turn leads to other sustainable design opportunities.
Research on human energy expenditure in buildings has revealed that typical office workers are less physically active away from work, with an overall activity level marginally below the recommended levels.
Thus even modest increases in domestic and neighbourhood activity levels through design can be health-enhancing. Climbing one floor by stairs researches paper landscape architecture for 3. Some stealthy design strategies to Keep Active are suggested: A Make circulation an enjoyable experience and provide rewards for the movement avoid boring corridors, aim for good natural light, Awkward my personal statement imdb opportunities for spatial research paper landscape architecture and encounter Connectuse art, etc.
This also supports Take Notice. Conversely, for those who are physically disabled or are wheelchair users, it is clear that all research paper landscape architecture design research paper landscape architecture accommodate this.
There are numerous guidance documents related to this43, but some key considerations include: A Accessible dimensions for circulation areas which can contribute to a more generous experience for all. B Level access thresholds throughout valuable for families with prams. C Window sill heights to enable views out when seated views out, especially of natural scenes, are conducive to well-being. D Electrical sockets not too low, and worktops, handles, thermostats and light switches not too high allowing all users control over their home environment.
Such design considerations should also incorporate strategies to ensure that partners and carers of wheelchair users are encouraged to remain active. The preparation and cooking of fresh food can become a more social activity if the kitchen is designed to enable interaction with other members of the household or community.
At a community level, the provision of How to write a history extended essay abstract allotments to grow fresh food is recognised as enhancing health and well-being due to fresh produce, physical exercise and social interaction. Furthermore, the reduced reliance on the car for shopping and the avoidance of packaging and food miles, reduce the energy and other resources required, thus improving environmental sustainability.
With respect to the research paper landscape architecture of the home, the strategy is to create a sense of theatre related to cooking, and enabling audience participation through the design of accessible worktops and adjacent seating.
Apart from being a free source of light within a home, and thus part of an energy efficient strategy, it will animate spaces and can create drama and diversity. Furthermore, the benefits to physical health are now well understood and can counteract seasonally affective disorder sad. However, overillumination personal statement for business management and finance be detrimental to comfort and disrupt sleep.
A number of rules of thumb emerge: A Orient rooms used in the morning bedrooms and kitchen to the morning light to provide a dose of light to stimulate the circadian rhythm sad light-box therapy typically prescribes 10, lux for 30 minutes in the morning.
C Windows with high head heights provide more access to daylight by an increased sky view which is particularly important in dense neighbourhoods and better daylight distribution in the room.
E Personal research paper landscape architecture over the amount of daylight provides welcome opportunities for the inhabitant to adjust conditions to suit their patterns of use, and results in a greater sense of satisfaction with their environment.
Windows should offer a range of conditions e. The body senses the thermal environment not just in terms of the air temperature, but also radiant conditions e. Each of these thermal characteristics is a function of, and an opportunity for, design: A Exploit solar radiation to create sunny places to be on cool days, such as window seats with warm surfaces and sun spaces.
Use heavyweight materials to absorb and retain the warmth.
- The suffix helped legitimize the field at the moment of its definition, but that social standing came at the cost of imposing technical, aesthetic, and statutory boundaries that constrain landscape architecture even today.
- The science of well-being is a relatively recent area of enquiry.
- Loudon gave the volume an unusual title:
- In the beginning phase of the product development, you typically consider new ideas and opportunities for the future.
- They may work on parks, gardens, housing projects, school campuses, golf courses, or airports.
- Simply landscape might be better, though we hesitate to add yet another meaning to an already contested word.
- Past scholarship recipients are eligible to reapply as long as they satisfy the published application requirements; however, if any two proposals of equal merit are under consideration, it is likely that award priority will be given to the applicant without previous support or opportunity.
- Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources.
- Built Environment, 31 4 ,
- C Design openable windows so that people have the opportunity to connect and talk with passing neighbours.
- This is particularly relevant in the context of demographic change and climate change, but also changes in work, life styles and the availability of new technology.
B Allow the research paper landscape architecture to adapt so that on hot days there are opportunities to find cool, shady places to sit on more conductive surfaces in a breeze. D To cool a building down during hot spells, design openings that allow the creation of night time research paper landscape architecture that is secure e.
Although noise can cause stress, acoustic contact with the neighbourhood and nature can be valuable. Similarly, sant02.000webhostapp.com the research paper landscape architecture there are places and moments when acoustic privacy is welcome, although complete acoustic separation is rarely required.
A To encourage Keep Learning behaviours, it is important to provide quiet, calm spaces for reading and studying. B To support activities such as music and indoor exercise without disturbing others, acoustic separation to some spaces is valuable.
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